鳙（yōng）魚是胖頭魚的學名，又稱鰱鳙，中國著名四大家魚之一。怎么養好呢，湖北胖頭魚廠家提醒大家，注意以下問題。　

1、鳙魚的食性(xing)問題

在以(yi)往的(de)資料中，鳙(yong)(yong)魚(yu)的(de)食(shi)性定(ding)義(yi)為以(yi)浮游動(dong)物(wu)為主的(de)溫和濾食(shi)性魚(yu)類，一般簡單(dan)理解為以(yi)浮游動(dong)物(wu)為食(shi)，這是(shi)過去在天(tian)然環境低水(shui)平養殖(zhi)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)得出的(de)。現(xian)在高技術養殖(zhi)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，水(shui)體(ti)浮游生(sheng)物(wu)以(yi)大(da)型種類為主。鳙(yong)(yong)魚(yu)是(shi)濾食(shi)性魚(yu)類，對食(shi)物(wu)的(de)選擇決(jue)定(ding)于(yu)鰓耙(pa)間距，只(zhi)要個(ge)體(ti)大(da)于(yu)鰓耙(pa)間距的(de)浮游生(sheng)物(wu)均可被其濾食(shi)，據研究鰱魚(yu)的(de)食(shi)物(wu)主要是(shi)個(ge)體(ti)小(xiao)于(yu)50微米的(de)浮游生(sheng)物(wu)，鳙(yong)(yong)魚(yu)的(de)食(shi)物(wu)主要是(shi)個(ge)體(ti)大(da)于(yu)50微米的(de)浮游生(sheng)物(wu)。在肥水(shui)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)浮游生(sheng)物(wu)主要是(shi)個(ge)體(ti)大(da)于(yu)50微米的(de)直鏈(lian)硅藻(zao)(zao)、甲藻(zao)(zao)、裸藻(zao)(zao)科、絲狀藍藻(zao)(zao)、大(da)型輪(lun)蟲、枝角類、橈足(zu)類等(deng)種類，正(zheng)好(hao)是(shi)鳙(yong)(yong)魚(yu)的(de)濾食(shi)對象。

2、鰱、鳙魚的搭(da)配比例問題

傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鰱(lian)(lian)、鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)搭(da)配比(bi)例是3:1，也(ye)就(jiu)是3鰱(lian)(lian)帶1鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，分別是75%和25%，在這種(zhong)(zhong)放(fang)養(yang)(yang)模(mo)式下鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可正常生長，但隨著人們生活水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，鰱(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)越來(lai)越低(di)，鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)不(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，這種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)鰱(lian)(lian)為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)養(yang)(yang)模(mo)式經濟效益也(ye)越來(lai)越低(di)。因此怎(zen)樣提(ti)高(gao)(gao)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)養(yang)(yang)比(bi)例和產量就(jiu)成(cheng)為養(yang)(yang)殖生產中(zhong)急待解(jie)決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)問題，隨著生物有機(ji)肥在水(shui)產養(yang)(yang)殖中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，水(shui)體藻相相應(ying)發生了根本(ben)變化，鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)攝(she)食(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個體大、營養(yang)(yang)豐富、易消化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類，如直鏈(lian)硅(gui)藻、甲藻、隱藻，成(cheng)為優勢種(zhong)(zhong)群，浮游動物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生物量也(ye)很高(gao)(gao)，為鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)為主養(yang)(yang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類提(ti)供了食(shi)物基礎，據多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產實踐，鰱(lian)(lian)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)養(yang)(yang)結構(gou)中(zhong)，鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例小于(yu)20%或大于(yu)80%，鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長速度都(dou)較快，當(dang)鰱(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)養(yang)(yang)比(bi)例在20%—80%之間時(shi)會抑制鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長速度。因此，鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)作為主養(yang)(yang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時(shi)，只能(neng)少量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搭(da)配或不(bu)放(fang)養(yang)(yang)鰱(lian)(lian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。

3、魚種規格問題

以(yi)往湖(hu)泊、水庫鳙(yong)魚的(de)放養(yang)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)一般是13.2㎝左右大(da)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)魚種，養(yang)2年(nian)(nian)上市(shi)，養(yang)殖周(zhou)期長(chang)，上市(shi)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)小(xiao)，在現代技術(shu)條(tiao)件下，要(yao)求150—500克/尾大(da)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)魚種。經過一年(nian)(nian)的(de)養(yang)殖達到尾重(zhong)2000克以(yi)上的(de)上市(shi)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)。

4、放養(yang)模式(shi)問題

傳統的(de)湖泊、水(shui)(shui)庫等大水(shui)(shui)體雖然也(ye)采用(yong)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)技術進(jin)行養(yang)(yang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，但產量(liang)(liang)很(hen)少超過100公(gong)(gong)斤/畝，經(jing)濟效益不(bu)高(gao)，主(zhu)要原因有(you)三個方面：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)格小，用(yong)每公(gong)(gong)斤20尾(wei)的(de)大規(gui)(gui)(gui)格魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)，回捕率(lv)低，成(cheng)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)格小，一(yi)(yi)般1—1.5公(gong)(gong)斤/尾(wei)；二是(shi)一(yi)(yi)次放種(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)次起捕，上半(ban)年(nian)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)現存量(liang)(liang)少，造成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)體資源(yuan)浪費，下(xia)半(ban)年(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)密(mi)度過大，天然餌料供給不(bu)足，生長速度減慢(man)；三是(shi)鰱、鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)比例為(wei)3:1的(de)放養(yang)(yang)模式不(bu)合理。針(zhen)對傳統養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)不(bu)足之處，現代(dai)大水(shui)(shui)體高(gao)產養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)用(yong)斤兩魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)即（0.15—1公(gong)(gong)斤/尾(wei)）；二是(shi)常年(nian)捕撈(lao)上市，即6—7月(yue)開(kai)始將部分(fen)長至1.5公(gong)(gong)斤以上的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)起捕上市，剩(sheng)下(xia)的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冬(dong)季起捕上市，成(cheng)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)格有(you)1.5—2公(gong)(gong)斤/尾(wei)和(he)2.5—4公(gong)(gong)斤/尾(wei)；三是(shi)鰱、鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)比例是(shi)1:4，甚至全養(yang)(yang)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，價格高(gao)，效益好。鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)模式有(you)水(shui)(shui)庫施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)純養(yang)(yang)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)；湖泊施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)主(zhu)養(yang)(yang)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)；小型精養(yang)(yang)水(shui)(shui)體投餌施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)主(zhu)養(yang)(yang)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)；小型精養(yang)(yang)水(shui)(shui)體施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)套養(yang)(yang)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四種(zhong)。根(gen)據(ju)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)模式，放養(yang)(yang)模式也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)。筆者(zhe)今年(nian)6月(yue)底在用(yong)全價膨化(hua)料主(zhu)養(yang)(yang)黃(huang)顙(sang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塘內配養(yang)(yang)當(dang)年(nian)2公(gong)(gong)分(fen)的(de)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗，40多天就(jiu)長至200克(ke)，8月(yue)月(yue)中(zhong)又(you)加放一(yi)(yi)次3-4公(gong)(gong)分(fen)的(de)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗。到(dao)11月(yue)基本長至500-700克(ke)。塘口觀(guan)察到(dao)，尾(wei)重100-200克(ke)的(de)鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可以有(you)效的(de)進(jin)食小顆粒膨化(hua)料，這有(you)力地促進(jin)了鳙(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)快速生長。